Laminectomy

Laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing the arch of the spine. During the operation, part of the vertebra is removed, as well as the intervertebral disc. Laminectomy is performed for herniated discs that compress the spinal cord and nerve roots, causing severe pain and sensory disturbances.

Laminectomy is performed under general anesthesia. After the patient is asleep, the surgeon makes an incision in the skin and soft tissue, then cuts and peels away the vertebral arch. He removes part of the arch and intervertebral disc that has compressed the nerve root. The doctor treats the wound, applies stitches and a bandage.

In most cases, laminectomies are performed on the lumbar or thoracic spine. Due to the high traumatic nature of the operation, it is performed in specialized hospitals where all the necessary equipment and specialists are available.

Laminectomy

A laminectomy is the removal of part of the posterior portion of the annulus fibrosus to relieve tension and pressure on the nerve roots or spinal cord anywhere in the spine.

Indications for laminectomy: - acute and chronic pain in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine due to herniated intervertebral discs, spinal canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, syringomyelia, Kimmerly anomaly. It should be noted that there are no absolute indications for this operation - laminectomy can be performed for various diseases, when it is necessary to reduce pressure on the spinal cord root to improve the conduction of nerve impulses. - intractable painful narrowing of the intervertebral spaces, fixing the root dislocation.

Contraindications to laminectoma: Cauda equina syndrome, arterial dissection, heart attack, stroke, endocrine problems, severe hemodynamics, allergy to iodine.

**Laminectomy** is a surgical procedure to remove the lamellae of the spinal arch to free the compressed spinal cord. Many laminectomies are performed both to treat compression injuries of the spine in adults and to treat rachitic deformities and preserve the spine of children.[1] Laminectomies are the most common surgeries on the human spine. Other similar surgeries are spinal fusion and disc replacement. Laminectomy can be considered as a specific type of spondylosis in which the spine is partially preserved.[2]

**Methodology.**

Laminectomy is performed in the presence of severe pain in the spine (at the level of the segment for which surgical treatment is performed, such as the lumbosacral region), or limited mobility in the lumbothoracic region. pain in the legs “cast iron” heaviness”, pain relief is brought only by a change in body position (change of posture). Numbness and tingling (weakness) in the legs and pelvic organs is also possible due to blockage of the nerve roots of the spine. To determine the need for this type of intervention, computed tomography, x-ray of the spine in direct and lateral projection[3], and the results of blood and urine tests are performed.

During laminectomy surgery, a piece of the arch plate is removed, which creates a restriction or irritation of the spinal cord neurons and blocks them, exposing them to nervous reactions. During the intervention, anesthesia is administered to relieve the patient of pain. They are sometimes so strong that they can cause loss of consciousness. Anesthesia makes the procedure easier: it helps patients relax and minimize physical activity at the surgical site. Adult patients usually undergo a laminectomy procedure using general anesthesia or a local numbing cream.

Manipulations are performed on elevated operating tables, which have some special adjustments, such as tilted or tilted heads, to make the operation as easy as possible in a sitting position. An aspirated plastic strip (the common name for a blade or special instrument used in laminectomy) is performed on each spinal segment as needed. Removal of the scapula must be verified by x-rays, which are taken at a higher resolution to determine the fracture and the direction of the procedure. The radiation force should be lower than for a conventional scalpel and leave as little area of ​​bone tissue or damaged bone as possible. Additionally, if the patient is at a particular height, surgeons must be careful not to cut the spinal cord cushion. A table with the head down is usually used for manipulation of the thoracic spine. When the patient lies supine, the pelvic pad, the part of the table that supports the inferior posterior iliac region, is used to enhance the support of the table. The patient's bladder area is covered with blankets instead of plastic sheathing to help move moisture around. If laminECTOMY is performed in the thoracic area, a thick graft may be used to relieve spinal discomfort. This type of plastic surgery involves replacing the arch plate with a material or plastic membrane. From the abdominal cavity, the operating team performs the operation with usual precision. They protect the master