Отосклероз (Otosclerosis), Отоспонгиоз (Otospongiosis)

Otosclerosis and otospongiosis are hereditary diseases that can lead to the development of deafness in adults. Both diseases are characterized by excessive growth of the bone wall of the inner ear, which leads to the fact that sound vibrations cannot travel from the middle ear to the inner ear. However, otosclerosis and otospongiosis have their own distinctive features.

Otosclerosis is a disease that is characterized by the growth of bone around the stapes, a small bony structure that transmits sound waves from the middle ear to the inner ear. As a result of excessive growth of bone tissue, the stapes is pressed against the oval window, separating the middle ear from the inner ear, which leads to disruption of the transmission of sound vibrations. The disease may initially present with mild hearing loss, but progresses over time and can lead to complete deafness. Otosclerosis can affect one or both ears and usually begins in early adulthood.

Otospongiosis is another hereditary disease that is also characterized by excessive growth of bone tissue inside the ear. Unlike otosclerosis, otospongiosis affects the auditory bones of the inner ear, causing them to become less mobile and unable to transmit sound vibrations effectively. Like otosclerosis, otospongiosis can begin in early adulthood and lead to gradual hearing loss that can become severe.

In both cases, if the hearing loss becomes significant, surgical treatment can be an effective way to improve hearing. Fenestration and stapedectomy are two procedures that can help restore sound transmission to the inner ear and improve hearing. However, like any surgical procedure, they are not without risks and may have complications.

In general, otosclerosis and otospongiosis are serious inherited diseases that can lead to significant hearing loss. Early consultation with a doctor and diagnosis can help start treatment at the very beginning, which can significantly improve the prognosis of the disease.

Otosclerosis (Ostosclerosis) is a hereditary disease affecting the bone walls of the middle, inner and partly outer ear, leading to impaired sound conduction, accompanied by deafness, which sharply increases after 30-35 years. Otospongiosis is a very rare hereditary autosomal recessive disease of the auditory and vestibular system. Due to abnormal development and improper formation of the inner ear, it leads to hearing loss and often ends in deafness. Externally, the thinned eardrum protrudes like thin white tissue paper, covered with a pus-like coating. After an ear injury, blind silence usually sets in. The incidence of otosclerosis is about 9 cases per thousand population. The exact cause of this disease is unknown, but genetic predisposition and environmental factors have been suggested. The hereditary factor is important in the development of otosclerosis. Otosclerosis or otospongiosis is characterized by progressive hearing loss. In many cases, patients already complain of moderate hearing loss, and then a process of irreversible hearing loss develops. Sometimes patients complain of weakness and fatigue. As the process progresses, the bony part of the base of the stapes approaches the countercurrent window (oval) and, contracting, puts pressure on the chain, causing limited mobility and decreased sound transmission. The function of the auditory epithelium gradually decreases with weakened hearing, but it is possible to adequately restore it through the use of medications. It should be borne in mind that otosclerosis is treated with drugs that affect certain areas of the hearing organ; they can only be used as prescribed by a doctor, so in no case should you self-medicate. Symptoms of the disease include the following: deafness in one ear, decreased hearing in both ears, or deafness in one ear. Subjective deafness (feeling of deafness) is absent with otosclerosis. It may appear after injury or infection. It must be remembered that deafness is a one-sided disease. Sound conduction in one direction is impaired. With otosclerosis, low-frequency sounds with increased amplitude are primarily affected. Higher tones sound relatively normal, although they can also suffer. Then the hearing loss begins to progress