Border Membrane Glial Outer

The brain is in constant motion, allowing the brain to perform various functions. To do this, the body needs such a quality in our brain as the ability to resist convulsions in it. This function is carried out by glial cells, which have such important functions as physical support of neurons.

Glial cells are extracellular in the brain, and can be divided into macrophages and astrocytes, i.e., cells of the macrophage or “stellar” series, respectively. The main functions of glial cells include protecting neurons from external damage, supporting the electrical activity of neurons, supplying them with nutrients, and ensuring the resistance of the cerebral membrane to changes in fluid pressure.

These cells are called glial in honor of professors A. Müller and O. Hesse; they are an important element of the immune system in the body. Essentially, a glial cell is a very large cell that surrounds the small fibers of the nervous system while the system surveys its environment, defending itself against invaders and helping to repair damaged tissue that may be causing increased electrical activity.

The glial limiting membrane or subexternal myelinating sheath (SMG/MSM) is a collection of layers within the peripheral nervous system, such as the meninges and some of the anterior roots of the spinal cord. The PGM is the outermost layer in nerve fibers of peripheral nerves, such as the dorsal roots of spinal nerves, nerve trunk and cranial nerves. The demarcating myelin glial sheath in many such nerve fibers makes most or all of them fully myelinated; however, this myelination does not reach the full thickness of the wall to reach the nerve surface.

The pathology of PGM is called PGM disease. This is a complex genetic defect that is associated with mutations in various genes. The majority of PGM pathologies are caused by changes in the CSDC2 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 13 and encoding synaptodesmin. 1. If a defect is detected in glial tissue, then the clinical picture develops in young children, most often between the ages of 2 and 6 years, usually between the first and second years of life. Some of these patients require bone marrow or other organ transplants from compatible donors. In fact, the results of treatment with bone marrow transplantation are so good that it is currently the main treatment for PGM1 disease if other treatments have been successful. 2. Glial disorders in adults who present with multiple myelopathy syndromes may represent symptomatic loss of spinal cord or medulla oblongata function. This type of PGM has been called PGM2 disease: the severity of clinical symptoms can vary and depend on a combination of the severity of brain loss, peripheral neuropathy and other clinical manifestations. Treatment outcomes for adults with this disorder are not as encouraging.