Thrombocytasthenia

Thrombocytopenia, or thrombocytopenic purpura, is an immune-related transfusion-refractory metaplasia of postcapillaries in small vessels of vital organs and skin.

The name comes from the Greek “thrombōs” (thread, thread) - “not enough clots”. The disease has several synonyms: capillary toxicosis, autoimmune “thrombotic purpura,” hemorrhagic vasculitis. In older people, the disease may be called fibrinoid destruction of the mesangium.

There are several forms of the disease, one of them is called Werlhof's disease (autoimmune hemolytic-uremic syndrome, AIGUS).

From the point of view of immunochemistry, thrombocytopathy is a deficiency or defect in the hemostatic components of the blood coagulation system, that is, the membrane or its membrane (globulin or antigen).

Clinical picture \ Diagnostic signs of the disease include hemorrhages on the skin and mucous membranes, which are found in patients mainly in the juvenile period. It is no coincidence that the disease is called “Botkin’s disease”: hemorrhages in this form of the above-mentioned pathology are localized under the patient’s eyes. They typically have the character of pink buds.

Hemorrhages are usually located under the lower lip, along the underside of the nose, on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and gums. Unlike ordinary food poisoning, Botkin's disease is accompanied not only by vomiting, but also by loose, reddish stools. The presence of blood in excrement significantly increases the risk of developing a state of shock. Externally, a sign of acute porphyria can be two symmetrical lower extremities, for example, calves, “ringed” with hemorrhoids. The classic location of hemorrhages for Botkin's disease is determined

Thrombocytopenia is a significant decrease in the concentration of platelets in the blood. It manifests itself as hemorrhages on the skin and mucous membranes, bleeding; can lead to serious consequences such as internal bleeding and even death of the patient. This can happen, for example, due to an autoimmune disorder.

Diseases associated with increased blood loss are often accompanied by a chronic deficiency in platelet count. Among them are hemophilia A, hereditary von Willebrand factor deficiency and platelet-monocyte series.

There are different types of thrombocytopathies, which can be caused by genetic mutations, drugs, or autoimmune processes.