Hydroanencephaly

Hydrocephalic syndrome is a general term for a group of rare congenital syndromes that are associated with various disturbances of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid flow due to various causes. Depending on the genetic causes, there are differences between specific forms of the syndrome, of which hydroanencephaly (HAE) is the most common and clinically striking.

Hydroanencephalic disease occurs as a result of significant expansion of the ventricular system of the brain and disruption of liquor flow. This can occur as a result of various aberrations during the early stages of brain development. Due to the expansion of the veins of the cerebral ventricles, the cerebrospinal fluid “fills” the entire cavity of the brain, which leads to an enlargement of the head, thinning of the skull bones, changes in the shape of the skull, as well as visual and neurological problems. Clinically, damage to the functions of the central nervous system is observed, leading to mental retardation, seizures, dementia, headaches and visual impairment.

A form occurs during embryonic development in the form of unbalanced growth and development of the ventricular system of the brain, when fluids accumulate instead of