Nephrostomy

Nephrostomy is the drainage of urine from the kidney using a special tube (catheter) inserted into the kidney through a puncture in the posterior abdominal wall.

Nephrostomy is performed for the following indications:

1. Obstruction (blockage) of the ureter by a tumor, stone or scar narrowing. In this case, nephrostomy allows urine to be drained from the kidney, preventing it from stretching and damaging it.

2. After surgery on the kidney and urinary tract to drain urine and prevent the accumulation of blood and urine in the kidney.

3. To facilitate the insertion of endoscopic instruments into the kidney when performing nephroscopy.

4. Acute pyelonephritis with impaired urine outflow from the kidney. Nephrostomy in this case ensures adequate drainage of the kidney.

The nephrostomy procedure is performed under local anesthesia. Using ultrasound or fluoroscopy, the doctor passes a special needle through the lumbar region into the collecting system of the kidney. A nephrostomy catheter is then inserted through the needle into the kidney, after which the needle is removed. The outer end of the catheter is connected to a urine bag to collect urine.

The nephrostomy catheter may remain in the kidney from several days to several months. Leaving a catheter in the kidney for a long time is associated with the risk of infection and obstruction of the catheter by urine clots. After eliminating the cause that caused the disturbance in the outflow of urine, the catheter is removed.

Nephrostomy is the drainage of urine from the kidney using a special tube (catheter) inserted into the kidney through a puncture in the posterior abdominal wall. Nephrostomy is often a temporary measure after kidney surgery. Long-term drainage of the kidney using nephrostomy can lead to complications associated with the development of infection or blockage of the catheter by urine breakdown products. A nephrostomy is also performed to facilitate insertion of a nephroscope into the kidney.

Nephrostomy is one of the methods of treating urolithiasis and so-called “renal colic”, which consists of inserting a metal drainage tubular prosthesis connecting the renal pelvis with the lumen of the bladder or with the skin of the abdomen. This method is often used for acute pyelonephritis, purulent apostematosis of the kidney, supravisceral block in patients who refused repeated epicystotomy, in preparing the ureter for stenting, in case of impaired urine passage in patients who have undergone surgery on the pelvic organs, with residual formations in the kidney, urological tumors , glomerulonephritis, in chronic and acute renal failure - when there are disturbances in the renal circulation or there are obstacles to the outflow of urine (hydronephrosis, urolithiasis).

There are two options in this matter: open and closed. The open version is performed like this: a long needle up to 30 centimeters long, hollow inside, is inserted from the anterior abdominal side into the kidney, and then bent using a tubular drainage tube in the kidney and brought out. The drainage tube then splits into two parts - the first part