Thalassemia, Cooley S Anaemia

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that is widespread in Mediterranean, Asian and African countries. It is characterized by the presence of an abnormality in the protein part of the hemoglobin molecule. As a result, the affected red blood cells cannot perform their functions normally, which leads to the development of anemia in the patient.

Other symptoms of thalassemia include enlarged spleen and bone marrow dysfunction. In persons who inherited the disease from both parents, it manifests itself in a very severe form (thalassemia major or Cooley's anemia); if the disease is inherited from only one parent, then it usually proceeds relatively easily.

Repeated blood transfusions are used to treat patients with severe thalassemia. This disease can be detected before the birth of the child using prenatal diagnostic methods.

**Thalassemia** is an inherited hemoglobin disorder that causes anemia and affects most body systems. This is a disease that occurs due to a mutation in the genetic material that regulates the production of red blood cells. The main symptoms of thalassemia are anemia, nausea, fatigue, enlarged spleen and difficulty breathing. This inherited deficiency can affect both men and women.

**Cooley's anemia,** or **Hemmer's syndrome**, is the most severe form of thalassemia. Its symptoms include an increased risk of death and unstable circulation. Some studies suggest that smoking tobacco and drinking alcoholic beverages may increase the risk of developing Cooley's anemia. Although it is a serious condition, several treatments have been tried over the years. These approaches include taking vitamins, gamma globulin inhibitors, using ferrotherapy, drug cleansing of pathogenic bacteria, and bone marrow transplantation if necessary.

If the disease is detected at the birth of a child, measures must be taken to reduce the consequences for him. This may include iron therapy, vitamins, or red blood cell transfusions if the anemia remains untreated. Repeated transfusions, often requiring multiple transfusions, can help replenish fluids and provide temporary relief. However, the success of these treatments depends on the specific symptoms that develop in addition to the disease.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is based on genetic history and the appearance of characteristic symptoms. Symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, lethargy, pale skin, shortness of breath, and changes in the heart (palpitations, arrhythmia). In addition, an enlarged or enlarged spleen, as well as neurological problems such as seizures and balance problems, may be characteristic signs.

The key test for diagnosing thalassemia is a blood test. The protein part of hemoglobin inside the red cells deviates from the norm, which is confirmed by the result of a blood test. This test helps determine the presence of a problem and is necessary to begin treatment.

Diagnosis of Cooley's disease requires additional tests. Serological testing may show an increase in immunoglobin or anti-hemoglobin hba-seroin antigen in patients who suffer from severe coolie anemia when their DNA is inherited from their parents. Fak