Seldinger Method

The Seldinger technique is a method of catheterizing the carotid arteries to access the anterior and posterior chambers of the heart. The method is named after its inventor, Swedish surgeon Solomon Seldinger.

Designed to minimize the procedure and be compatible with the human body and patient needs, it allows catheterization of the external carotid arteries with minimal restrictions associated with externally accessible arteries. The Seldinger technique was developed to reduce complications (essentially by removing tissue that protects the nerves and blood vessels from the shoulder). Thus, minimizing catheter penetration and the risk of inaccurate vessel localization. The goal is to ensure direct movement of the needle from the skin to the vessel on the shoulder side while maintaining blood supply to the skin of the shoulder. It is performed without anesthesia, since the injection causes a neuromotor reaction, thus eliminating the need for it. It is performed under local anesthesia, sedation or general anesthesia, due to the temporary deprivation of either musculoskeletal sensitivity or pharyngeal-laryngo-tracheo-bronchomuscular control. In addition, it is possible to perform it without the need to close the saphenous vein using rolls of gauze or foam, as well as reducing the amount of cut skin. The procedure is quick, painless and does not require long postoperative rehabilitation. Patients return to the office the day after the procedure, able to continue with normal daily activities, such as walking and driving. However, it is recommended to rest before and after using the catheter to increase comfort and reduce discomfort. The patient may experience minor troubles like bleeding despite the minimal incision. The risks of heart disease are extremely low because the catheter stops in the veins of the arm. The Selvinger technique also helps prevent damage to the scalp tissue that can occur when the skin is cut at a normal angle. The advantage is that there is no need for external vessels, which reduces the risk of infection and increases patient safety. The method protects the nerves while maintaining the integrity of the skin. However, the procedure involves altering the arteries using a catheter. Selding is characterized by significant discomfort, which patients often complain about; patients receiving hemodialysis catheters almost always feel unwell; frequent outbreaks of pain, a feeling of impaired flotation, pain and discomfort in the heart when using Selvigner catheters are common complaints. Temporary injections of local anesthetic medications, such as lidocaine, are used to make the procedure painless. Drugs such as alfentanil, bupivacaine and tromethimine are used, and local anesthesia is provided using various systems, primarily a standard circulatory device that acts on the blood impulses coming from the artery, using local anesthesia to lower the brain's threshold for the movement of the needle into the artery. This method is reported to cause notch irritation, arm pain, and swelling on the first day, and that their severity decreases in subsequent days; side effects resemble those of pseudoadrenaline or demecarine. Accidental hypothermia of the saline solution is also often observed, in particular, flushing of the pale skin of the hand is observed. Most symptoms go away