International assessment tests of the physical condition of athletes

Athleticism through exercise with straining help increase the strength of the muscles that ensure the respiratory process (intercostal muscles, diaphragm) and improve lung ventilation during exercise. In a well-trained athlete, it is carried out as rationally as possible by increasing vital capacity of the lungs (abbreviated vital capacity) and respiratory rate (10-16 per minute), and with a strong reduction in the duration of the respiratory cycle.

Normally, the vital capacity of the lungs is approximately 3/4 of the total volume of the lungs and actually reflects the maximum volume within which an athlete can vary the depth of his breathing.

The proper value of this indicator can be calculated using Ludwig’s formula:

VC norm for men = 40 * X + 30 * Y - 4400;

VC norm for women = 40 * X + 10 * Y - 3800.

Where: X is height in cm, Y is weight in kg.

The vital capacity level is set using spirometer and characterizes the functionality of the respiratory system.

If the actual vital capacity of the lungs is 130% of the proper value calculated using the above formulas, this is pathology usually doesn't count. In physically developed people, especially bodybuilders, this index may be even higher. But a decrease in this indicator by at least 20% of the established norm is an alarm bell signaling problems with your health.

Knowing the value of vital capacity and your own weight, you can calculate vital index: liquid (ml)/weight (kg)

If this index in men is less than 60, and accordingly in women less than 50 ml/kg, there is insufficiency of vital capacity or excess body weight.

Stange and Gench test, Serkin test

When conducting self-monitoring of the respiratory system, it is important to have an idea of ​​simple, accessible and fairly informative tests.

Stange test

Measurements of indicators with holding the breath while inhaling (Stange test) consists of the athlete in a sitting position, taking a deep breath and exhaling, repeating the inhalation (about 80% of the maximum), closing his mouth and pinching his nose with his fingers, holding his breath. A delay time of 60-90 seconds or more indicates good preparedness; if the delay duration is shorter, fatigue and overtraining have set in.

Gench's test consists of holding your breath after exhaling. For trained athletes this figure is 40-60 seconds.

The Serkin test consists of three phases. Breath holding time is calculated:

1. when inhaling in a sitting position,
2. then - after 20 squats in half a minute,
3. after which there is a rest (1 minute) and the breath-holding while inhaling is repeated again in a sitting position.

For trained individuals, after the first measurement, a time of 60 seconds or more is considered good, after the second - 30 or more, and the third - more than 60.

A significant reduction in this time indicates a deterioration in the basic functions of breathing, circulation and the nervous system. With regular and rationally structured physical education sessions, the duration of holding your breath should increase.

During the clinical examination of athletes in our country, the Stange and Gench tests, as well as Serkin measurements, are carried out without fail, as an objective indicator of the level of physical fitness of athletes.

Pulse

Provides important information about the state of the cardiovascular system heart rate, which can be counted on the carotid, temporal or radial artery (located at the base of the thumb just above the wrist joint). Pulse is a fairly accurate indicator of the body's response to physical activity. So, if the next day after exercise there is an increase in heart rate combined with poor health, sleep disturbances, and lack of desire to exercise, this indicates fatigue of the body or the onset of a disease.

ABOUT dynamics of body adaptation physical activity can also be judged by data obtained using a simple test:

After a 3-5 minute rest, perform 20 squats in half a minute (in the classic style: squatting - arms forward, rising - down). Then the heart rate is determined at intervals of 10 seconds, and as soon as 3-4 identical heart rate values ​​are obtained, 20 squats are performed again. After this, in a sitting position, the pulse is also counted at 10-second intervals for 3 minutes. If the pulse returns:

1. I) by the end of the 1st minute - the body’s adaptation to the load is excellent,
2. II) on the 2nd - good,
3. III) on the 3rd - satisfactory,
4. IV) well, in the case when the pulse has not recovered for more than 3 minutes - unsatisfactory.