Muscle Sternocleidomastoid

The sternocleidomastoid muscle (m. Sternocleidomastoidus) is one of the largest and most powerful muscles in the human body. It is located in the neck area and plays an important role in maintaining stability of the head and neck, as well as movement of the head and shoulders.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle consists of two parts: the sternocleidomastoid and the mastoid. The sternoclavicular part originates from the clavicle and sternum, and the mastoid part originates from the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Both parts of the muscle are connected to each other and form a single muscle bundle.

The main function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is to hold the head in the correct position and provide stability to the neck during movement. In addition, it is involved in turning the head, bending and turning the neck.

When performing exercises to strengthen the sternocleidomastoid muscle, you can achieve improved posture, reduce neck pain, and increase neck flexibility and mobility. Such exercises can be performed both in the gym and at home using various exercise machines and equipment.

It is important to remember that before starting any muscle strengthening exercises, you must consult with a specialist and make sure there are no contraindications. Also, do not forget about proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle, which will help maintain health and youth for many years.

The sternoclavicular-mastoid muscle (or abbreviated MGK) is one of the smallest muscle groups on the face. The muscle belongs to the maxillofacial region, the muscle is located on the lateral surface of the chest, partially covers and partially extends from under the collarbone. There are many opinions about the origin of the term and its exact meaning. It describes the muscles that run along the back of the large ear. This muscle is located in the upper front of the neck and on the upper border of the chin, opposite the jaw line. It consists of three parts: sternomastoid, sternoclavicular and mastoid.

The name of the muscle is borrowed from its three heads: sternoclavicular, mastoid and cervical and, therefore, it is called m. sternocleido-mastoideus in old anatomical descriptions and m. cleido-mastoid in modern anatomists.

The sternocleidomastoid forms three flat muscle heads:

- anterior (medial) - mastoid head (lat. caput mastoideum) - upper - sterno-clavicular head (lat. caput sterno-cleidomastoideas) - lower - cervical head (lat caput cervicis).

The lateral (side) muscles of this muscle are formed by the trapezius muscle and the deltoid muscle. The trapezius muscle extends from the spinous process of the VII cervical vertebra to the acromion (the point where the scapula, the greater tuberosity of the humerus and the coracoid process of the scapula touch). The triangular part of the trapezoid with the lower border passing along the acromion is the lateral musculature of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. When you raise your arm, the trapezius lifts the shoulder blade up and moves it back away from the head. With a fixed shoulder joint, the triangular muscle rotates the shoulder down and forward, which makes it possible to bring the arm under the chest.

The deltoid muscle begins at the junction of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the scapula, runs along the edge of the acromion and directly under the fibrous layer between the deltoid and subscapularis muscles. This muscle rises above the condyles of the humerus and lifts the humerus almost vertically upward. The deltomedullary muscle lifts the medial part of the arm above the axis of the body. The lower bundles are the lateral bundles of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The upper bundles are divided into anterior and posterior bundles. The anterior one descends down the forearm, connecting to the radial ligament at the elbow joint. The posterior one descends into the coronal suture of the wrist and then through the groove for the passage of the median nerve receives the median nerve at the wrist. When the forearm is completely over the elbow while relaxing the deltoids, the forearm rests on the collarbone. In this case, the muscle acts as a bridge between the anterior surface of the acromion process of the scapula and the sternoclavicular band attached to the sternum, and the arm hanging freely like a hook. This condition causes the base of the processes of the combined muscles to protrude strongly (hila) from the acromion. This contraction of the forearm muscles allows you to grasp and lift objects much higher than a person standing. The lower end of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Between this muscle there is a fascia called Bishin's fascia. In Bishina's fascia there is a single screaming vein that passes through the base of the skull and exits through many foramina into the temporal bone near the large chorionic canal and