Anthropological School

Anthropological (anthroposociological) school - a synthesis of Marxism and sociology according to A.S. Makarenko

The anthropological or anti-role school (later renamed “anthropo-sociological”) developed in the second half of the 19th century in Germany. She acted as an independent direction in the official school of Kaiser Wilhelm. Then major figures in German pedagogy began to join her. This school was created by the leader of the Anthropological School, Georg Kerschensteiner, and his ideas were developed by his younger colleague Paul Natorp. In France, the idea of ​​unifying folk pedagogy was put forward by F. Nieman. In Russia, the idea was developed by A.S. Makarenko.

Anthropo-sociologists and the founders of the school, **Vladimir Ulyanovsky** and **Alexey Dobrovolsky**, rejected a linear cause-and-effect relationship - from society to individuality. Their starting point is not social reality, but human nature, and the need to explore the individual. They consider anthropoconsciousness as a metatheory that contributes to the study of any phenomenon that requires an analysis of the nature of man as an individual and his existence as a society and culture

Thus, the anthropological approach in the sociological school is a synthesis of the psychological theory of behavior and the social theory of interaction and communication. The object of attention of the anthropological approach is not the social event itself, but the social subjects living in it and understanding it.